(Click on post to select)
Introduction
The emerging light
Our bodies our souls
The anatomy of evil
Empathy and literacy
So near the light
The light in life and in the afterlife
Inroduction
This blog is a collection of thoughts about life and death, and the impulses that have been hardwired into our being, and the consequences of those impulses. It's about our soul and the light that can gradually fill our soul and counteract the impulses hardwired into us, when these impulses lead to destructive and malicious behavior. We call these impulses "instinct", they carry us from the beginning to the end of life. We often do not question those impulses, even when they lead to our own destruction. The different posts in this blog might be looked at like a patchwork of ideas and thoughts. Each post being actively added to, modified, or both. The posts are built upon my own life experiences, my failings and my feelings as I grew older. It is said that good decisions comes from experience, and that experience comes from bad decisions. I have certainly made my share of bad decisions, but gradually I've begin to understand why. The literature available to me have helped open new doors in my own understanding.
It takes most of a lifetime to gain the understanding of ourselves. Wisdom comes slowly to most of us. During most of the generations of mankind the average life span was 30 years. That meant that decisions of live and death were made by, what we today would considerer, young people.
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The emerging light
We are but a speck of dust in a flicker of light.
If we look at the existence of mankind in the context of space and time, we wonder why are we here, where do we come from, and where are we going.
It is sad that, at the threshold of incredible advances in science that might benefit humanity we are also at the threshold of incredible advances in weapons that can destroy humanity.
Are we bound for self destruction, destined to become one more of natures failed experiments, or can we, using all the information available to us, and with a deep look within ourselves, understand how to change the course towards self destruction in which we are headed?
Our soul is trapped in a body which constantly issues commands to our brain, eat, sleep, fight,kill, flee, procreate, etc. In the darkness of our body the soul is the light that also issues commands to our brains.
Which of these commands we listen to and when we do it, has a profound impact on our life and that of others. Do we move toward the darness or toward the light.
The commands that our body issues are part of the primordial history of humankind and the subsecuent evolution.
The emerging light
During the World War II I was a small boy, living with my parents and older sister in a small village in the Danish island of FYn. Denmark was occupied by the Germans. It was a colorless time with freezing winters (and houses). We would often spend the evening listening to my father reading stories from authors like the storyteller Hans Christian Andersen, born on thet same island. When he was not reading stories, my father would tell episode from his childhood in Copenhagen in the early part of the 20th century. I loved to hear those stories and begged him to tell me more stories from his childhood. I remember many of those stories, and now I undestand what a man was father was.
He was a very sensitive and creative person, that did not work to his advantage as a child.
One story I remember was when he told me about his religion teacher. The children had to memorize part of the Catechism, they might have memorized it well, but when comfronted with the feared teacher veything was forgotten. The punisment was swift. The teacher placed a cube of sugar on the floor and told the poor child to lower his pants and then bend down and pick up the cube. When the child was bending down the teacher would say three words: Good-IS-Love, for every word the teacher would strikke the childs bottom ,as hard as he could, with a rod.
Extreme pain and humillation, he was indeed going to make good christians out of those children.
The child would also get a note to take home for his parents to sign!
My grandfather was a very stern man, when my father came home with such a note, my grandfather, enraged, used his own rod to teach his child to do better in school.
This way of teaching would be unheard of today in the civilized world, but was not uncomon in the beginning of the 20th century.
It is often said, that a child that is abused will often abuse his own children, but might father never abused me.
He was a sensitive man who loved music and litterature, the light had illuminated his sould, so that compassion and emphaty were stronger than his rage.
Later in life, I saw for my self, how art can develop compassion and empathy.
Art always an important part of my life (See: http://phoserebus.blogspot.com.es/ ).
In the 80thies i began exhibiting my paintings in art feativals in the USA, usually there held in parks, or sometimes on the streets sidewalks.
When all this was new to me i would ask other artist exhibitting the paintings - What if somebody wants to buy one of your paintings and whishes to pay with a check, would you accept it?-.
That was a reasonable question, as most businesses would accept a check for payment.
All the artist I asked gave me the same answer- No problem, of course I would accept a check, I have never recieved a check that bounced. Extraordinary! And while there are exceptions to eveything, Most people with the sensitivity to buy a work of art, also had the emphaty to not wanting to svindle an artist.
Another experience were from the many art workshops I attended in the USA, clearly there were beginning and more experienced artists. When we worked with our paintings in the class, the class enthusiasm was more than the sum of the parts. We became almost euforic. There was no feeling of competition, we were together in this journey of joy and love for painting. When we took a break to see what the other participants were doing, we would marvel at some of the paintings and enjoy the creativity and feeling that they exposed, without any feeling of envy.
Some readers might say - yes emphaty in sensitive people is not hard to understand, but what about people who do not have that sensitivity and emphaty?
In Steve Pinkers book The Better Angels of our Nature, he gives many well documented examples of how the civilized world has developed greater emphaty over time.
There are many compelling examples in his book, to quote a few:
Comparing the books in 1948 dealing with a particular issue, as a percentage of the books in the year 2000 dealing with that same issue, yields some interesting results.(See graph in Steve Pinkers book on page 380)
For example, the percentage of books dealing with civil rights where a little over 40 % in 1948 of books the books in 2000 dealing with civil rights, and stayed fairly flat until 1960 when they started increasing until reaching the level of the year 2000. Womans rights were in 1948 little over 20% of the level in 2000.
Staying mostly fat until the late sixties when the began taking off.
The percentage of books on childrens rights in 1948 where less that 10 % of the 2000 leveland stayed mostly flat until the aerly sixties.
Gay rights near 0% until 1970 when they began to increase.
Animal rights near 0% until around 1960 when the number of books increased dramaticly.
Back to table of contents-->
 |
Painting by Johannes Bjorner ©
|
If we look at the existence of mankind in the context of space and time, we wonder why are we here, where do we come from, and where are we going.
It is sad that, at the threshold of incredible advances in science that might benefit humanity we are also at the threshold of incredible advances in weapons that can destroy humanity.
Are we bound for self destruction, destined to become one more of natures failed experiments, or can we, using all the information available to us, and with a deep look within ourselves, understand how to change the course towards self destruction in which we are headed?
Our soul is trapped in a body which constantly issues commands to our brain, eat, sleep, fight,kill, flee, procreate, etc. In the darkness of our body the soul is the light that also issues commands to our brains.
Which of these commands we listen to and when we do it, has a profound impact on our life and that of others. Do we move toward the darness or toward the light.
The commands that our body issues are part of the primordial history of humankind and the subsecuent evolution.
The emerging light
During the World War II I was a small boy, living with my parents and older sister in a small village in the Danish island of FYn. Denmark was occupied by the Germans. It was a colorless time with freezing winters (and houses). We would often spend the evening listening to my father reading stories from authors like the storyteller Hans Christian Andersen, born on thet same island. When he was not reading stories, my father would tell episode from his childhood in Copenhagen in the early part of the 20th century. I loved to hear those stories and begged him to tell me more stories from his childhood. I remember many of those stories, and now I undestand what a man was father was.
He was a very sensitive and creative person, that did not work to his advantage as a child.
One story I remember was when he told me about his religion teacher. The children had to memorize part of the Catechism, they might have memorized it well, but when comfronted with the feared teacher veything was forgotten. The punisment was swift. The teacher placed a cube of sugar on the floor and told the poor child to lower his pants and then bend down and pick up the cube. When the child was bending down the teacher would say three words: Good-IS-Love, for every word the teacher would strikke the childs bottom ,as hard as he could, with a rod.
Extreme pain and humillation, he was indeed going to make good christians out of those children.
The child would also get a note to take home for his parents to sign!
My grandfather was a very stern man, when my father came home with such a note, my grandfather, enraged, used his own rod to teach his child to do better in school.
This way of teaching would be unheard of today in the civilized world, but was not uncomon in the beginning of the 20th century.
It is often said, that a child that is abused will often abuse his own children, but might father never abused me.
He was a sensitive man who loved music and litterature, the light had illuminated his sould, so that compassion and emphaty were stronger than his rage.
Later in life, I saw for my self, how art can develop compassion and empathy.
Art always an important part of my life (See: http://phoserebus.blogspot.com.es/ ).
In the 80thies i began exhibiting my paintings in art feativals in the USA, usually there held in parks, or sometimes on the streets sidewalks.
When all this was new to me i would ask other artist exhibitting the paintings - What if somebody wants to buy one of your paintings and whishes to pay with a check, would you accept it?-.
That was a reasonable question, as most businesses would accept a check for payment.
All the artist I asked gave me the same answer- No problem, of course I would accept a check, I have never recieved a check that bounced. Extraordinary! And while there are exceptions to eveything, Most people with the sensitivity to buy a work of art, also had the emphaty to not wanting to svindle an artist.
Another experience were from the many art workshops I attended in the USA, clearly there were beginning and more experienced artists. When we worked with our paintings in the class, the class enthusiasm was more than the sum of the parts. We became almost euforic. There was no feeling of competition, we were together in this journey of joy and love for painting. When we took a break to see what the other participants were doing, we would marvel at some of the paintings and enjoy the creativity and feeling that they exposed, without any feeling of envy.
Some readers might say - yes emphaty in sensitive people is not hard to understand, but what about people who do not have that sensitivity and emphaty?
In Steve Pinkers book The Better Angels of our Nature, he gives many well documented examples of how the civilized world has developed greater emphaty over time.
There are many compelling examples in his book, to quote a few:
Comparing the books in 1948 dealing with a particular issue, as a percentage of the books in the year 2000 dealing with that same issue, yields some interesting results.(See graph in Steve Pinkers book on page 380)
For example, the percentage of books dealing with civil rights where a little over 40 % in 1948 of books the books in 2000 dealing with civil rights, and stayed fairly flat until 1960 when they started increasing until reaching the level of the year 2000. Womans rights were in 1948 little over 20% of the level in 2000.
Staying mostly fat until the late sixties when the began taking off.
The percentage of books on childrens rights in 1948 where less that 10 % of the 2000 leveland stayed mostly flat until the aerly sixties.
Gay rights near 0% until 1970 when they began to increase.
Animal rights near 0% until around 1960 when the number of books increased dramaticly.
Back to table of contents-->
Our bodies, our souls
http://phoserebus.blogspot.com.es/2013/06/our-bodies-our-souls.html
Our bodies are primed for survival, our brains assist our bodies in that task.
We cannot separate our souls from our bodies while we live, but our souls can be spoken to, and speak in a language that only imperfectly can be described by
our spoken language.
Thus our existence has to path, our worldly path and our spiritual path.
If during our lives we have nurtured the spiritual life, when our body dies the spiritual light travels to a different world.
And where is that new world?
Here, there and everywhere. Some day we will know.
When we hear a piece of music or poetry that reaches our soul, we can describe our feelings with words like, for example "It makes me happy", "It makes me sad", but that only poorly describes the nuances and the breath of what we feel as we are taken through the journey of that melody or poem. It is interesting to note that when a pianist interprets, for example, a composition of Chopin, having all the musical notation available to him or her, the impact on our souls can be very different than when we hear that same composition interpreted by a different pianist. It would have been wonderful if Chopin could have left us a recording of himself playing his compositions.
In a visual piece of art the artist can leave part of his soul for the viewers to experience.
It happened to me many years ago, when I visited the Nolde museum in northern Germany.
Nolde was german expressionist painter who created large oil paintings with often, religious subject matter. One day he received a letter from the german government forbidding to paint anymore, as Hitler disliked his paintings, who did not meet the standards of then German government.
Nolde could not stop painting so he began to paint in watercolor, which could be hidden in a hurry, should the Nazis come on inspection. Nolde called these paintings for Die ungemalte bilder (the unpainted paintings). The subject matter for many of these painting were portraits of people and landscapes done in strong penetrating colors. For some of Noldes works see: http://www.ludorff.com/de/artist/emil_nolde/works
The intensity of these paintings were almost hypnotic. As I was standing looking at the small portraits of people I felt that somebody was standing next to me, but there were nobody. I realized that Noldes spirit was right there. Nolde was dead many years earlier but I felt his presence there in those paintings. I had a similar experience years later looking at some of Van Gogh's latest paintings i in a museum in Holland.
Both Emil Nolde and Van Gogh painted with their souls, pure poetry!
Paintings of Emil Nolde and Van Gogh can be found widely on the web, using Google.
When a beautiful song is merged with beautiful paintings the result can stunning.
I´m refering to the song "Starry starry night" with a nice
Take a look at what happens when great music, lyrics and painting are merged together.
melody:
Quoting some lines from the lyrics by Don McLean:
Now I understand what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,
How you tried to set them free.
They would not listen, they did not know how.
Perhaps they'll listen now.
Van Gogh tried to say with his painting, what could not be said with words:
"Open your eyes and look at the beautiful world"
Exposing a human being to arts, painting, music, litterature, dance, can sometimes develop the sensitivity and compasion in that persons soul.
Happy music in Madrid with Conchindon
Sometimes we encounter the light when we least expect it. A couple of weeks ago My wife and I spent an overnight in Madrid taking care of some personal business. We had the evening free and decided to go out and get a pizza to take back to our hotel room and enjoy it with a bottle of wine.
As we walked though an old part of Madrid we failed to find a pizza place, but instead found a very cozy restaurant. Outside there was two young people playing, on a rather busy street.
The man was playing the trombon, and the young woman the clarinet, many of the people walking by left some coins. But Brice and yuka were not the average street musicians, in addition to demonstrating great skills, they were playing with such joy that they caught our attention. We could see and hear them from the restaurant were we were sitting. When they took a break we asked them about themselves, Yuka (from Japan) and Brice (from France) are part of a music group called Conchindon and describe their music as Street Punk-Klezmer. (Klezmer is hebraic music from the beginning of the 20th century).
They play in different establishments in Madrid and also on the street sidewalks.
Here are several videos you can listen to by pasting the following URL´s into your browser.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggj13drYWs8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNuP2DHOMGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMxEUadPwMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggj13drYWs8
Clearly they showed great sensitivity in their music.
Yuka sent me the following site on youtube with a very nice melody from a theme by Erik Satie.The video itself has beautiful visuals.
Worth listening to!
Kaori Muraji tocando el tema de Erik Satie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
Back to table of contents-->
Our bodies are primed for survival, our brains assist our bodies in that task.
We cannot separate our souls from our bodies while we live, but our souls can be spoken to, and speak in a language that only imperfectly can be described by
our spoken language.
Thus our existence has to path, our worldly path and our spiritual path.
 |
| Our bodies our souls
©Johannes Bjorner
|
And where is that new world?
Here, there and everywhere. Some day we will know.
When we hear a piece of music or poetry that reaches our soul, we can describe our feelings with words like, for example "It makes me happy", "It makes me sad", but that only poorly describes the nuances and the breath of what we feel as we are taken through the journey of that melody or poem. It is interesting to note that when a pianist interprets, for example, a composition of Chopin, having all the musical notation available to him or her, the impact on our souls can be very different than when we hear that same composition interpreted by a different pianist. It would have been wonderful if Chopin could have left us a recording of himself playing his compositions.
In a visual piece of art the artist can leave part of his soul for the viewers to experience.
It happened to me many years ago, when I visited the Nolde museum in northern Germany.
Nolde was german expressionist painter who created large oil paintings with often, religious subject matter. One day he received a letter from the german government forbidding to paint anymore, as Hitler disliked his paintings, who did not meet the standards of then German government.
Nolde could not stop painting so he began to paint in watercolor, which could be hidden in a hurry, should the Nazis come on inspection. Nolde called these paintings for Die ungemalte bilder (the unpainted paintings). The subject matter for many of these painting were portraits of people and landscapes done in strong penetrating colors. For some of Noldes works see: http://www.ludorff.com/de/artist/emil_nolde/works
The intensity of these paintings were almost hypnotic. As I was standing looking at the small portraits of people I felt that somebody was standing next to me, but there were nobody. I realized that Noldes spirit was right there. Nolde was dead many years earlier but I felt his presence there in those paintings. I had a similar experience years later looking at some of Van Gogh's latest paintings i in a museum in Holland.
Both Emil Nolde and Van Gogh painted with their souls, pure poetry!
Paintings of Emil Nolde and Van Gogh can be found widely on the web, using Google.
When a beautiful song is merged with beautiful paintings the result can stunning.
I´m refering to the song "Starry starry night" with a nice
Take a look at what happens when great music, lyrics and painting are merged together.
melody:
Quoting some lines from the lyrics by Don McLean:
Now I understand what you tried to say to me,
How you suffered for your sanity,
How you tried to set them free.
They would not listen, they did not know how.
Perhaps they'll listen now.
 |
| Starry Night, painting by Van Gogh (from Wikipaintings site) |
"Open your eyes and look at the beautiful world"
Exposing a human being to arts, painting, music, litterature, dance, can sometimes develop the sensitivity and compasion in that persons soul.
Happy music in Madrid with Conchindon
Sometimes we encounter the light when we least expect it. A couple of weeks ago My wife and I spent an overnight in Madrid taking care of some personal business. We had the evening free and decided to go out and get a pizza to take back to our hotel room and enjoy it with a bottle of wine.
As we walked though an old part of Madrid we failed to find a pizza place, but instead found a very cozy restaurant. Outside there was two young people playing, on a rather busy street.
The man was playing the trombon, and the young woman the clarinet, many of the people walking by left some coins. But Brice and yuka were not the average street musicians, in addition to demonstrating great skills, they were playing with such joy that they caught our attention. We could see and hear them from the restaurant were we were sitting. When they took a break we asked them about themselves, Yuka (from Japan) and Brice (from France) are part of a music group called Conchindon and describe their music as Street Punk-Klezmer. (Klezmer is hebraic music from the beginning of the 20th century).
They play in different establishments in Madrid and also on the street sidewalks.
Here are several videos you can listen to by pasting the following URL´s into your browser.
 |
| Yuka |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggj13drYWs8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNuP2DHOMGw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMxEUadPwMs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggj13drYWs8
 |
| Brice |
Clearly they showed great sensitivity in their music.
Yuka sent me the following site on youtube with a very nice melody from a theme by Erik Satie.The video itself has beautiful visuals.
Worth listening to!
Kaori Muraji tocando el tema de Erik Satie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
Back to table of contents-->
Hierarchy and the anatomy of evil
 |
| The anatomy of evil
© Johannes Bjorner
|
Writing this post does not please me, but I believe that understanding
the roots of evil is necessary in order to confront it.
Evil is everywhere, and we are increasingly being confronted with it
through different news media, because evil sells newspapers and TV shows.
There is an abundant amount of material available on
the physical and psychological reasons for evil.
When we are confronted with evil we use words like “monstrous”, “inhuman”,
etc.
We wish to distance ourselves from the evil acts that we witness or hear
about.
The potential for evil exists to some degree in all of us, so evil is
human.
To confront evil we most fully understand ourselves.
Before going further, is worth looking at the definition of evil. My own
perception of evil is: causing direct or indirect damage or pain to another
living being, by neglect, carelessness,
egotism, revenge, or simply to inflict pain.
Ignorance, and lacking brain functions can also cause pain and damage, but
falls into a different category, as the individual might not be aware of the
pain he/she is causing.
The most important contributor to what we call evil is evolution, this is
not a popular view, because it means that we have to confront the fact that we
all carry the potential for evil, and that we might not be fully responsible
for our acts.
Modern evolution, however also carry the seeds for reducing evil.
Developing the soul though exposure to art; music, painting,literature, etc,
can be an important tool for reducing evil.
The role of evolution
When the first forms of life developed millions of years ago, they were
primitive one celled forms of life. Later multi-celled animals and higher forms
of life evolved. For most of the evolutionary time scale, the basic functions
were eat, kill (or be killed), multiply, die. Today this continues in all
animals, except in modern humans, evolution is being influenced by our souls.
The instinct of hierarchy is hardwired into our being, it is an instinct so powerful and so potentially destructive, that understanding it should be a part of early education in children, but also adults should learn to understand the potential danger of this instinct.
The instinct of hierarchy is not just potentially dangerous, but it can also be part of friendly competition and pushing us to better ourselves.
Throughout history of living beings the hierarchy was connected with our
chances of survival. The Alpha male and females had better chances of survival
than the Beta male and females, which in turn had better chances than the Gama
male and female, etc. At the outer fringes there was a struggle to improve your
position in the hierarchy. In the animal kingdom the Alpha male gets the best
pieces of the kill and mates with the Alpha female and whoever he chooses to.
The kill might not be enough to feed the animals further down the pecking
order. In a season where food is scarce the place in the pecking order is a
matter of life and death, this has been reinforced and is hardwired into the
genes of most animals. Except in cases where food is always available. In
humans the hierarchy takes many aspects.
Like human societies, animals often collaborate and work for the good of
the group. But if confronted with another group suspicion and hostilities can
often result. Our hard wired instincts alert us to potential danger.
We identify with the group we belong to, our family, our neighborhood, our
town, our nation, etc.
In a friendly sports competition the fans of the loosing team sometimes go
berserk. Their group pecking order has been degraded by the winning team. When
we are young these feelings can be quite strong, as we get older we often get a
more balanced view of winning and losing. It's not the end of the world when we
lose. Troublemakers at sports events are predominantly young people. I enjoy a
friendly game of petanque, but when I lose there is this little feeling of
being inferior (in the pecking order), fortunately it is soon forgotten, and
the social aspect of the game predominates.
In my younger years my reaction when feeling degraded or insulted by
somebody, was a wish to release that anger by punching that individual really
hard, fortunately I never gave in to that impulse. It was my private dirty
little secret. While not giving in to physical violence, I have am ashamed to
admit that I have, in more than one occasion lashed out verbally at people who
i felt, had insulted me or often just my perception that they had. For that I
feel very sorry and I hope that have forgiven me.
History abounds with examples of individuals or nations have caused immeasurable suffering to large group of individuals when they felt slighted. World War one is such an example. The cost of the actions of a few individuals releasing their anger caused suffering to millions of people.
We have seen have generations going back to the beginning of mankind have hard wired in us the need to position ourselves as high in the hierarchy as we can, survival and passing on our genes to future generations depend on it.
In animals the hierarchy is usually decided swiftly through combat or the threat of combat.
In humans the hierarchy is resolved in a more complex way.
In Carl Sagan's book "Shadows of forgotten ancestors" he writes” Male
chimps are obsessively motivated to work their way up the dominance ladder This
involves courage, fighting ability, often size, and always skill in hard-heeler
politics.
The chimps are our closest relatives in the animal kingdom.
We respond to some of the same hardwired impulse, only the means are
different.
Our whole life is permeated with our feeling of our position in the
hierarchy
When we buy a better or more expensive automobile than our neighbor, it is
sometimes with the wish to show our superiority, the same can be the case when
buying our house, our clothing and any number of items. We buy or believe we buy
a better place in the hierarchy.
Some trivial cases: A young man might buy a flashy sports car with the
hoping to impress the girls.
In these examples there is nothing evil, maybe foolish, about the actions
to improve our status.
There are other cases where evil results:
A young person growing up in poverty, with a low self-worth, sees the
luxury items that other people of perceived higher status pose. The envy he or
she feels is really a feeling of being on the bottom of the pecking order.
Vandalism can be the result as a means of lowering the status of the perceived
higher person. On a larger scale terrorism can result when religious fanaticism
is combined with self-worth. Cruelty and torture are often the means by which
individuals can feel empowered, when the victims are of a perceived higher
status.
The most dangerous of the hardwired forces that direct our behavior is the
pecking order, when it manifest in a large group.
When a nation feels slighted and humiliated it will sometimes resort to
violent acts, regarding of the cost to that nations population. When Germany
lost the First World War, it was humiliated by the treaty of Versailles and
forced to pay enormous war reparations. That lay the ground for Hitler to come
to power, which resulted in the death of millions of military and civilian
people worldwide.
The First World War was the result of the assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand, the Archduke of Austria Hungary and his wife Sophie (Wikipedia).
Millions of people died in a meaningless war.
Cruelty was more predominant on a worldwide scale some centuries ago, one
needs only to read about life in the middle ages. Nations progress away from
cruelty on different time scales. When we read about the terrible conditions of
children workers in some countries, we need only to step back a little over a
century to find those same conditions in so called civilized countries.
Cruelty vs. empathy
Individuals with lacking or low empathy are the most likely to commit evil
acts, as they are unable to identify with the victim(s).
Much more attention should be given worldwide to the human causes of
conflicts, and how to change individual behavior. Children should learn early
about their “animal” impulses, where they come from and why they occur.
Scolding them might cause better behavior by fear, but if they do not understand
the cause of their behavior, they will learn little. They should learn empathy
by exposing them to the arts and literature that allows them to identify with
the persons in the story.
Understanding how the instinct of hierarchy interferes with our life
There are many ways in which the instinct of hierarchy can be useful to us, because measuring ourselves against others can give us an incentive to better ourselves
Back to table of contents-->
Understanding how the instinct of hierarchy interferes with our life
There are many ways in which the instinct of hierarchy can be useful to us, because measuring ourselves against others can give us an incentive to better ourselves
Back to table of contents-->
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